Strong combination: big data + smart city lighting

The construction of smart cities covers a large amount of basic data, such as basic geographic information, planning results, transportation, integrated pipelines, policies and regulations, population, etc. How to store and use these data becomes an urgent problem for policy makers. The development of new generation information technologies such as cloud computing and Internet of Things has promoted the rapid development of big data, provided decision support for the government, and provided assistance to enterprise organizations and business processes, and has a tremendous impact on cities, transportation, medical care, and education.

This paper focuses on the smart city lighting management based on big data technology, and proposes a smart lighting system architecture including multiple sensors, central controller and communication module. On this basis, a cloud-based urban public lighting management big data platform can be constructed. Using the ubiquitous characteristics of cloud services, real-time collection of urban lighting equipment location and operational status information can not only provide a full range of street lights for the city. Informatization operation and maintenance services, through the background big data analysis, mining the correlation between urban street lighting operation and power grid, meteorology, etc., providing decision support for urban lighting energy conservation, and also providing effective support for urban intelligent transportation and intelligent security.

Big data and smart city lighting

Big data, or massive data, refers to a collection of data that cannot be crawled, managed, and processed by conventional software tools over a period of time. Smart city is a high-level form of urban informationization based on knowledge society innovation that fully utilizes information technology in all walks of life in cities.

In China, more than 90 cities have built smart cities. However, in the construction and application of smart cities, the data generated by smart cities will be from TB to PB level, and then enter the era of big data; big data is the core element of smart cities, and the construction and application of smart cities bring data volume. Rapidly increasing, and big data is everywhere, in all areas of smart cities such as smart transportation, smart medical care, and smart living. After a series of intelligent processing such as collection, storage, classification, reorganization analysis, and reuse of big data, the results can be used as a reference for decision makers.

For the construction of smart cities, it can be divided into government-led construction and enterprise-led construction. Government-led construction focuses on the collection, management, analysis, monitoring and sharing of basic data, and the construction goals are smart government and public platform; The leading construction focuses on industry applications, and the main construction targets are smart industries such as smart transportation and smart medical care. Although the focus and construction objectives are different, the two are a coordinated and organic whole. The government-led construction focuses on the construction of the basic platform, while the enterprise-led construction focuses on practical applications.

As an important part of smart city construction, urban lighting serves the safety of transportation and people's production and life. Urban lighting system is spread in every corner of the city, and the existing urban lighting equipment can be upgraded. It can quickly and easily realize the construction of a wide-ranging information-aware network, realizing intelligent lighting of street lamps, diversification of information collection and rapid information processing. .

Problems in the construction of smart city lighting

At present, the traditional lighting method still exposes many problems. For example, it is impossible to effectively manage the reactive power loss, and it is impossible to maintain the damaged equipment in time. Some road sections, parks, etc. are still in the state of no one at night, and they are still brightly lit. There are also street lights, cables and other equipment that are often stolen and not processed in time. Specifically, there are problems in the construction of urban lighting in China, including the following aspects:

(1) Heavy image and light science planning

At present, the night illumination of many cities has the problem of excessive pursuit of city image and brightness, lack of scientific analysis and argumentation, and unified planning or planning. The bright light is not bright, but the light is not bright. The night scene of the whole city is scattered and disordered. There is no priority and characteristics. This design plan not only wastes energy, but also the overall lighting effect is not good.

(2) Heavy landscape, light function lighting

The author analyzes several examples of urban lighting projects, in which night lighting examples account for 2/3 of the entire urban lighting project example; and functional lighting examples, such as roads, bridges, tunnels, etc., only account for 1 of the entire urban lighting project. /3 or so. It clearly reflects the heavy landscape and light function lighting of urban lighting projects, which should also be highly valued by us.

(3) Illumination brightness exceeds the standard

In some cities in China, due to the excessive pursuit of urban image, blindly pursuing the brightness of lighting, the average illuminance of the main road surface lighting of some cities has appeared, which is much higher than the illuminance value stipulated by China or international standards. The average illuminance is 30 lx), the average illuminance of the road surface reaches 51 lx, and the average illuminance of individual roads reaches 105 lx. This blind pursuit of road surface brightness not only causes excessive waste of electric energy, but also causes problems such as illumination glare and light pollution, and the negative effects of illumination are more prominent.

(4) Management issues

Due to the imperfect management system of urban street lighting system, the phenomenon of only building light management is more common. Especially after the completion of the lighting project, the maintenance and management of lighting facilities failed to keep up, resulting in low lighting rate in many projects. The phenomenon that the lighting effect drops sharply.

Big data promotes smart city lighting construction

Based on the big data technology smart city lighting system proposed in the literature, this paper comprehensively considers the problem of not enough detailed management of traditional lighting management, realizes more intelligent management and achieves high efficiency and energy saving, and builds a new big data technology for smart city lighting. The management system, which fully integrates advanced communication, sensing, cloud computing and other modern scientific and technological means, makes the lighting more intelligent on the basis of meeting the needs of public lighting. Its overall structure is shown in Figure 1. The system is composed of the following four. Layer composition:

(1) Acquisition and control execution layer: It consists of three parts: multiple sensors, single lamp controller and anti-theft alarm end. The sensor module includes a camera, a noise detecting sensor, an air pollution detector, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a smoke sensor, a brightness sensor, an infrared sensor, etc., and can collect environmental data information around the street lamp. The single-lamp controller can collect the running status parameters of the street lamp and return the information such as the power consumption, running status and illumination intensity of the street lamp to the street lamp monitoring terminal (RTU).

(2) Front-end distribution control layer : The street lamp monitoring terminal (RTU) can collect information such as sensor collection information, street lamp power consumption and operating status in the branch range.

(3) Communication transmission layer : between the street lamp monitoring terminal (RTU) and the monitoring center, the wireless sensor network or the mobile communication system is used, and the street lamp monitoring terminal (RTU) is connected with the single lamp control of each street lamp and the cable anti-theft end. Communication is achieved by power line carrier communication.

(4) Application processing layer : comprehensively use all kinds of collected data information and related information such as power grid and meteorology to realize big data analysis, and feedback to the branch street lamp monitoring terminals through the analyzed results to realize adaptive adjustment of intelligent street lamps. Brightness thus achieves the purpose of energy saving. At the same time, it can assist in real-time monitoring of street lamp working conditions, providing street lamp fault type alarm and fault location notification.

In addition to collecting current, voltage, power and energy consumption information for lighting output branches, power distribution cabinets, and street lights, the system can also collect information such as weather data, traffic volume and geographic location, which will inevitably generate massive amounts of data. . Make full use of big data technology, dynamically analyze and mine the city's various information needs, and assist management decision makers. The logical structure is shown in Figure 2.

Prospects for development

It is foreseeable that in the near future, big data will spread all over the smart city. Based on the smart city lighting management system based on big data technology, this paper can expand and extend its functions, and then form the two intelligent sensing systems of smart cities: intelligent transportation system and intelligent security system.

(1) Smart Transportation System

The intelligent transportation system effectively integrates advanced information technology, data communication technology, sensor technology, electronic control technology and computer technology into the entire transportation management system, thus establishing a large-scale, all-round function, real-time Accurate and efficient integrated transportation and management system.

With sensors installed on smart city lighting management systems, street lights can sense the speed of cars driving on the road and the number of cars in a certain area. Upload this information to the Smart City Intelligent Traffic Monitoring Center, which can be spread in traditional ways (such as SMS, roadside LED billboards, radio broadcasts, etc.) and new media means (such as Web, Weibo, WeChat, etc.). It provides a reference for drivers to choose the best driving route, and provides a basis for citizens to travel routes, thus effectively improving urban traffic conditions.

The data obtained by the system through the street light sensor can also be used to assist in transportation planning decisions. As far as the bus network is concerned, the traditional method requires a large amount of manpower to carry out OD (start-end point) investigation and data collection. The street light sensor allows the data to be more comprehensively displayed in front of the decision-makers. The flow of people and traffic data can be accurately grasped. At the same time, the vehicle congestion time is used, and after the big data analysis of the congestion section, the bus line adjustment and increase are The decision to reduce the transfer station will be more grounded.

The core of the system is intelligent street lights. Through these intelligent street lights and street lighting networking technologies, the transportation department can greatly enhance the road monitoring capability. When there is a vehicle illegal parking, or a traffic accident on the road, the traffic police can grasp the road condition for the first time. In addition, street lights can provide reference data for traffic planners to replace the current expensive monitoring technology.

In addition, in-depth analysis of the big data collected by street lamps can predict group travel behavior, predict the possible travel time, travel route, travel mode, etc., and provide decision-making assistance for urban vehicle dispatch.

(2) Smart security system

Wisdom security is a new field of scientific and technological development and progress, which makes the boundaries between traditional security and computers gradually disappear. Smart security systems help city managers achieve visual perception through new video surveillance and image analysis.

Through the sensor device on the system, it is possible to build a sensing network covering the whole city, lock the geographical location of police personnel and police vehicles in real time, and reasonably dispatch. When responding to the police, timely lock the police area, search nearby police resources, and respond in real time. , quick police.

Based on the high-definition camera installed on the street lamp, it can monitor and collect the pedestrian and vehicle data around the intelligent street lamp in real time, and upload the data to the security platform to form a smart security system covering the whole city. In the investigation of the case, the public security organ combined the 110 alarm platform to lock the alarm information of the incident area, and by calling the video data collected by the camera and analyzing it, improving the detection efficiency of the case.

Combining the human behavior data collected by the high-definition camera on the street lamp, analyzing the video data of the crime area, we can find the corresponding crime trend and crime mode. Complete scientific predictions of crime trends, hotspots, and hotspot issues, and play an extremely important role in the analysis of the public security situation, the study and judgment, the deployment of police forces, and the determination of key tasks.

In the high-incidence section of the case, if the pedestrian is too late, or if there is no conditional telephone alarm, the “one-button alarm” button installed on the intelligent street lamp can be used to report the precise geographical location to the nearby security network and police force in time. After receiving the alarm request, the video information near the street light can be called in time to analyze the case and quickly dispatch the police.

Conclusion

In view of the difficulties and problems in the construction of smart city lighting, this paper proposes a smart city lighting system framework in combination with big data technology. It can transform existing street lamps and install various sensors, controllers and communication modules on street lamps. It is convenient and quick to realize the construction of smart city information-aware network with low damage degree, wide coverage, low construction cost and high intelligence, which can provide strong support for the construction of smart city lighting in China.

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