Since China launched the "Global Energy Internet" initiative in 2015, significant progress has been made in the development of this ambitious concept. Over 140 countries have introduced energy development policies aligned with the vision of a global energy network. The "China Initiative" for the Global Energy Internet aims to promote sustainable human development and has gained widespread international recognition as a shared strategy. Looking ahead, China will continue to advance domestic energy internet projects, promote the global energy internet concept worldwide, and accelerate the implementation of demonstration initiatives.
The Global Energy Internet is no longer just an idea—it's becoming a reality. At the 2017 Global Energy Internet High-End Forum, it was reported that China has successfully established power interconnections with neighboring countries such as Russia, Mongolia, Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar, creating a combined capacity of around 260 million kilowatts. The development of oil and gas infrastructure across three continents marks a new phase of collaborative action in building the global energy network.
On September 26, 2015, China proposed the initiative to build a Global Energy Internet, addressing global challenges like resource scarcity, environmental degradation, and climate change. In March 2016, the Global Energy Internet Development Cooperation Organization was founded, becoming the first international energy organization initiated by China. Since then, the initiative has seen remarkable progress, with over 140 countries adopting related policies and embracing the concept of a unified global grid.
In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the development of the Global Energy Internet. More than 100 research projects have been completed, and a comprehensive planning system has been developed. This includes assessments of global wind and solar resources, the creation of the first global backbone network diagram, and the release of a white paper outlining the strategic framework for global grid interconnection. These efforts have marked important theoretical and planning breakthroughs.
International cooperation has also expanded significantly. China has built partnerships with over 150 governments, enterprises, and institutions in 47 countries, signing agreements with organizations such as the African Union and the International Hydropower Association. Collaborations span grid planning, clean energy development, and smart grid construction, demonstrating a growing "circle of friends" around the global energy internet.
The development of cooperative organizations has also accelerated. With over 300 members across 40 countries, these groups have formed a global network, strengthened institutional frameworks, and launched cross-sector collaborations. This has significantly boosted research capabilities and positioned the organizations as key players in the global energy transition.
Building a global energy internet is not only feasible but already underway. From a resource perspective, the theoretical potential of global hydropower, onshore wind, and solar energy exceeds 10 billion kW, 1 trillion kW, and 100 trillion kW respectively. UHV transmission technology is mature, and clean energy generation continues to improve. Economically, the cost of wind and solar power has dropped significantly, with expectations that renewables will become more competitive than fossil fuels by 2025.
Globally, electricity demand is projected to grow from 24 trillion kWh in 2016 to 73 trillion kWh by 2050, with over 20% requiring transcontinental energy transmission. This makes the case for a global energy internet even stronger.
China’s own energy internet is a critical example of how this vision can be realized. Its UHV transmission lines span 35,000 kilometers, with a substation capacity of 360 million kVA and annual electricity transmission exceeding 400 billion kWh. These projects play a vital role in national energy distribution and environmental protection. China is also leading in smart grid development and clean energy installation.
Despite the progress, challenges remain. Ideological barriers persist, especially in underdeveloped regions where awareness of modern energy solutions is limited. Technological innovation is still needed in areas such as efficiency, intelligence, and equipment manufacturing. Moreover, the project involves complex international relations, requiring robust policy support and coordination.
To address these issues, China plans to steadily develop its domestic energy internet, optimize grid layouts, and enhance the ability to manage energy resources efficiently. It will also accelerate the construction of demonstration projects and create favorable conditions for new energy models and business opportunities.
Furthermore, China will focus on Belt and Road countries to implement projects that promote clean energy and grid interconnection. This includes expanding existing oil and gas corridors and strengthening collaboration with neighboring countries like those in Southeast Asia.
Overall, the Global Energy Internet represents a bold step toward a more sustainable and interconnected world. While challenges remain, the momentum is strong, and the future looks promising.
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