LEDs have revolutionized lighting products and their freedom has increased dramatically. It is hard to imagine how to make a 0.7m lamp (illuminator) in the traditional light source era; it is also difficult to imagine how to achieve such rich color and color temperature selection, as well as high color rendering in a certain color area.
LEDs make lighting design possible in the direction of lean design. What I mean by lean design is that lighting design is more and more likely to be used in technology implementation (now many lighting designs are still playing) . Can you imagine that in the era of traditional light sources, in order to reflect the texture and color of bread, to make a product with a particularly high Ra10? Can you imagine that in the era of traditional light sources, is it a lens with a particularly narrow size and a particularly small size? LEDs make this all possible.
But what comes with it is the problem: all lighting practitioners need to relearn and improve their knowledge and abilities. In the era of traditional light sources, where do you need to look at the spectrum of trichromatic fluorescent lamps? Every manufacturer practices are similar. But the LED products are different, and the products marked by Ra also give people a completely different feeling. How dare you believe in a general Ra indicator? How do you tell the owner or the manufacturer that this product is not working? Just rely on your feelings?
Therefore, the measurement of light, especially the measurement of the spectrum, has become particularly important in the LED era. Whether it is a manufacturer's R&D staff, a technical or sales person, or a designer or owner, measuring and understanding the spectral composition of a luminaire is a must.
In this series of articles, we will talk about the measurement of light and color.
When humans want to see objects, they must have light.
For most of us, Light provides a world full of visual information.
Only when the light reflected from the object reaches our eyes and stimulates the optic nerve, can we see the shape and color of the surrounding objects.
Figure: 80% of human information comes from vision, and light is a necessary condition for visual production.
1.1 What is light?
Light is a form of energy and part of a broad electromagnetic spectrum.
Infinite waves, infrared rays, visible light, ultraviolet rays, X-ray rays, and gamma rays form electromagnetic waves. Visible light is a very narrow part of the electromagnetic spectrum, and the wavelength range is generally defined as 380 nm to 780 nm. Usually, light is also defined to contain infrared and ultraviolet light.
The detection of light is also a basic subject and requires a broad base of knowledge. For the measurement of light, basic common sense and concepts and terminology of optics are necessary. Measuring light is a challenge, especially deciding what to measure and how to measure it.
1.2 Luminous flux
The light source radiates energy in the form of electromagnetic waves. We use flux to describe light energy, which is the measurement of the light source emission or the surface received light energy flow. The value of the luminous flux (CIE standard luminous efficiency function, Vλ) is obtained from the radiant flux by estimating the luminous efficiency of the radiation corresponding to the standard eye.
The unit is lumens (lm)
Lm = 683 x W (Watt) x V λ
1.3 Light intensity
This describes the intensity of the light source in a certain direction, defined as the luminous flux value emitted into the unit solid angle.
The unit is Candela (cd)
1 cd = 1 lumen per sphere (in actual application, a candela is roughly equal to one candle.)
1.4 Illuminance
This is a measure of the luminous flux on the surface, expressed as lumens per unit area.
The unit is Lux (Ix)
1 Ix=1 lumens per square meter (Im/m2)
Imperial units are candlelight
1 foot candle = 1 lumen per square foot (Im/ft2)
1.5 brightness
Brightness is also called brightness. Brightness is the setting of the flux emitted from or reflected from a projection plane. It can also be imagined as the intensity of light per unit area.
The unit is candela per square meter (cd/m2), or nit.
The imperial unit is the scale Lambert (fl).
1 fl = 3.426 candelas per square meter
1.6 What is light energy measurement?
Typically, the total energy radiated from the source to the surface of the object can be measured. This total energy covers the visible portion and also includes the energy of infrared and ultraviolet light. Energy at a specific wavelength or a certain wavelength region can also be measured.
Another interesting area is color, which is a property of light that can be measured and quantified.
The science of measuring light is called photometry, which is part of the radiometric measurement (radiation measurement outside the visible region).
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