LCOS technology is a rising star in the current three projection technologies. It is the abbreviation of "Liquid Crystal on Silicon" technology. It is a new type of reflective micro LCD projection technology. Its structure is long on the silicon wafer. Crystal, using a semiconductor process to fabricate a driver panel (also known as CMOS-LCD), then smoothing it on the transistor by grinding technology, and plating aluminum as a mirror to form a CMOS substrate, then CMOS substrate with transparent electrode The upper glass substrate is bonded, and then the liquid crystal is drawn into the package for testing.
Simply put, LCOS is a direct and image tube (CRT) projection technology, high temperature polycrystalline liquid crystal (Ploy-Si LCD) through projection technology, DMD (Digital Micromirror Device) digital optical processing (DLP; Digital Light Projector) reflective technology Related. These three technologies have matured and LCOS has become the new mainstream of projection display technology.
How LCOS works
LCOS projection technology is divided into two types: single chip and three chip. The monolithic method uses a sequential imaging method similar to the DLP projection technique; the three-piece method refers to an imaging method in which the three primary colors of red, green and blue are separated by prisms, and the imaging quality is higher. This type of imaging is commonly used in current mainstream products.
LCOS optical engine architecture Three-piece LCOS imaging system, firstly, the white light emitted by the projector bulb is divided into three primary colors of red, green and blue through the spectroscopic system, and then each primary light is irradiated onto a reflective LCOS chip. The system changes the intensity of the reflected light of each pixel of the LCOS panel by controlling the state of the liquid crystal molecules on the LCOS panel. Finally, the light reflected by the LCOS is concentrated into a beam of light through the necessary optical refraction, and is irradiated onto the screen through the projector lens. Form a colored image. Welcome to China Home Theater Network
LCOS optical engine architecture
LCOS projection technology development historyLCOS technology first appeared in the late 1990s. Its first molded products were developed by Aurora Systems in 2000. The product features high resolution, low price, and reflective imaging. After that, countless companies flocked to it. The most powerful supporters of the early LCOS technology were Intel and Philips "giants", as well as many well-known companies such as Sony and JVC, which are still active in the LCOS arena today. However, it is regrettable that the two "giants" failed to reach the end.
JVC's 110-inch LCOS rear projection
In 2004, with the rapid growth of the market for liquid crystal and plasma flat panel TVs, Philips announced plans to withdraw from the development of LCOS products for monolithic timing imaging. Also during the year, Intel stopped developing and delivering plans for megapixel LCOS chips. According to Intel, the main experience in the future will be on the development of two-megapixel full-HD LCOS products. Intel's position is considered to be a strategy that hopes to counter the advantages of LCOS in pixel density and Texas Instruments' DLP projection technology. However, after 2005, Intel’s plan to develop LCOS was “unexpectedâ€.
In 2004 and 2005, the LCOS camp that lost two "giants" entered a period of low tide. During this period, several companies have developed and produced their own LCOS products. The LCOS camp seems to be in danger of collapsing for a time. However, due to dissatisfaction with the prior art and expectations of future industry trends, Sony, JVC and Taiwan's Windows technology have continued to persist. In 2004, Canon released the first 1400x1050 high-resolution projector with LCOS technology, adding a powerful product to the LCOS camp.
LCOS projection technology advantages
LCOS technology far outweighs DLP and LCD technology in terms of color, contrast, brightness, aperture ratio, light efficiency, and high resolution. LCOS can be considered as a type of LCD, but the conventional LCD is made on a glass substrate, but the LCOS is grown on a germanium wafer. The product compared with LCOS is the most commonly used high temperature polycrystalline germanium LCD on the projector. The latter usually uses a penetrating projection method, the light utilization efficiency is only about 3%, and the resolution is not easy to improve; the LCOS uses reflective projection, the light utilization efficiency can reach 40% or more, and its biggest advantage is that it can be utilized most widely. The use of the cheapest CMOS process requires no additional investment and can be quickly refined with semiconductor processes, making it easy to increase resolution. Welcome to China Home Theater Network
Compared with LCD technology, LCOS has the characteristics of bright colors, excellent gray scale, deep black, bright picture, less gridding and more energy saving. Compared with the monolithic DLP technology, the three-piece LCOS projection technology has higher optical utilization efficiency, more full color performance, no color breakage and viewer dizziness. In comparison with the three-chip DLP projector, the advantage of the three-chip LCOS projector in resolution is unmatched by DLP projectors. At present, the resolution of the LOCS chip can cover 2K, 3K, 4K, 8K and other horizontal products. DLP technology is difficult to achieve resolutions above 2K due to its microelectromechanical structure. This can be said to be the Achilles heel of all DLP projection products and three-piece LCOS projection products.
LCOS projection technology shortcomings
Although LCOS seems simple, there is a process to be productized, not as easy to form an industry as imagined. LCOS technology has had a great impact on the world since its launch. However, due to manufacturing processes and other reasons, the current LCOS-based products have not yet formed mass production. Only a few manufacturers have developed LCOS chips for projectors. And projectors and rear projection TVs using LCOS technology. LCOS technology has great advantages in the field of large-screen display applications in the future. It has no die mode and has the potential of open architecture and low cost.
At present, the developers of LCOS are concentrated in Fabless in the United States, Britain and China, including Three-Five, Aurora (formerly S-Vision), MicroPix, Microdisplay, Kopin, Displaytech, SpatiaLight, Varitronix in Hong Kong, China, and South China's brilliant image in Nanyang, China. Information Technology Co., Ltd. (Sino-US joint venture) and so on. Since LCOS involves the design and manufacture of the entire component to the integration of the optical system in development, it has a high technical threshold. And each manufacturer developed LCOS, each with a dedicated ASIC, optical engine, etc., components and production are each in a row, can not be standardized, so it is difficult to achieve the economic scale of mass production, some operators can not propose a full set of solutions As a result, the product could not be launched smoothly and faced a financial crisis.
In addition, the biggest obstacle is the qualification rate problem. The process of the LCOS front section can be 0.35u process (and need not be made smaller), the current yield has reached 90%; the rear section is added with a glass substrate, and the liquid crystal is drawn. And the part that is cut and packaged, the current yield is still very low, only about 30%. If the LCOS's back-end process yield cannot be improved smoothly, it may face the dilemma of DMD technology.
Spring of LCOS technology
After several years of development, LCOS has entered a relatively mature period. With the continuous advancement of technology, 1.7-inch 4K (3840×2048) ultra-high resolution display chip mainly used in large-scale digital high-definition cinema has been developed. And become the main technology used in high-end cinema projector products. It has received support from several companies including Canon, Sony, JVC, Pioneer, and LG.
Since 2004, Canon has been implementing LCOS projection technology, launching a variety of high-resolution projector products, and perfecting the LCOS projection product line. In 2007, Canon released a high-resolution projector SX7, which has 3700 lumens. High brightness, 1000:1 contrast flagship model. On August 20th, 2008, Canon released the SX80, a SXGA+ high-resolution projector with 3000 lumens of brightness using LCOS projection technology and Canon AISYS patented optical technology.
Projectors using LCOS technology include Sony VPL-VW200, VPL-VW60, Xichuang HD 900 home projector, JVC flagship DLA-HD100 LCOS projector and so on.
At the end of 2008, Taiwan Ouda launched the first LCoS pocket multimedia projector, Ouda P1. At present, this new product has been sold in China. LCOS technology can only stay in special applications requiring high resolution, but since After March 2008, LCOS technology began to be applied to mobile phone products, and was officially delivered in the fourth quarter of 2008. LCoS technology also has a large potential market, such as HMD, high-priced digital cameras, digital cameras and other fields.
At present, LCOS technology has passed the low tide period and shows a good development trend. In projection display technology, DLP technology has been used to catch up with LCD technology for ten years, and currently LCOS technology has been in development for eight or nine years. As the technology matures and the production costs are declining, the spring of LCOS projection display technology is coming to us.
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