Introduction to the principles and types of temperature sensors

The temperature sensor is the most common sensor in industrial production. It converts the temperature of an object into an electrical signal output. It has the advantages of simple structure, wide measurement range, good stability and high accuracy. Different temperature sensors are manufactured in different ways, and common ones include thermistors, thermocouples and integrated products. Its development has generally gone from split, analog integration to intelligent stage. The current temperature sensor can not only output temperature signals, but also integrate humidity measurement. The signal output has also changed from a single signal to a variety of output forms. It can communicate over long distances, and data can be recorded, upper limit alarms, and automatic control control as needed A variety of functions.

There are two types of thermocouples: standard thermocouples and non-standard thermocouples. Standard thermocouples strictly follow the relationship between thermoelectric potential and temperature, and have a uniform index number. The error is also within the allowable range. Non-standard thermocouples are usually made according to special measurement needs. There is no uniform standard in the measurement range and no index number.

The most commonly used thermal resistance is platinum resistance and copper thermal resistance. The platinum resistance measurement temperature range is larger and the accuracy is higher. Platinum resistance and copper thermal resistance have uniform standards for resistance and temperature change. Rt = R0 [1 + α (t-t0)], which is only related to the initial temperature and the temperature coefficient of the material.

The currently used intelligent integrated temperature sensor uses single-chip technology, which is equipped with a multi-bit analog-to-digital signal converter, which has higher measurement accuracy and resolution of up to 0.03 degrees. It can also integrate a calendar clock to achieve multiple measurement modes. Switching between, the output is more standardized and standardized, which can effectively suppress the interference of the surrounding environment on the output of the temperature signal, making the measured value more accurate.

The temperature output by the temperature sensor is not the current temperature of the object to be measured, and usually has a certain error. For the occasions where accurate measurement is required, the sensor with faster response speed should be selected. Need to protect the probe during the measurement process, the life of the probe is much lower than the life of the entire measurement system, when the output is incorrect, it should be replaced in time. In cases where the response time is not required, the probe can be wrapped with a special sleeve, which can mainly extend the use time of the probe, but this will affect the measurement accuracy, and the two need to be well balanced. Many thermistors have a coating layer on the surface. To protect the coating layer from damage, the coating layer has the functions of heat transfer and protection of the components inside, which can prevent moisture and corrosion.

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